2023 Statistics

Researchers Per Million

Full-time equivalent researchers engaged in research and development per million inhabitants. Includes professionals creating new knowledge, products, processes, methods, and systems, as well as those managing R&D projects.

Interactive Trend

Researchers Per Million

Researchers Per Million

Source: EuropeVersus.com • Our World in Data

Display Mode
Year Range
Filter
Select Countries 4 selected

Aggregates

Global

Eurozone

Non-Euro EU

Non-EU Europe

Regional Comparison

🇪🇺
Europe
2023
3957.12
🇪🇺
EU-27
2022
4638.88
🇺🇸
USA
2021
4825.18
🇮🇳
India
2020
259.26
🇨🇳
China
2022
1849.24

Historical Data

Year 🇩🇪 Germany 🇫🇷 France 🇮🇹 Italy 🇪🇸 Spain 🇳🇱 Netherlands 🇧🇪 Belgium 🇦🇹 Austria 🇮🇪 Ireland 🇵🇹 Portugal 🇬🇷 Greece 🇫🇮 Finland 🇸🇰 Slovakia 🇸🇮 Slovenia 🇪🇪 Estonia 🇱🇻 Latvia 🇱🇹 Lithuania 🇱🇺 Luxembourg 🇲🇹 Malta 🇨🇾 Cyprus 🇭🇷 Croatia 🇵🇱 Poland 🇸🇪 Sweden 🇩🇰 Denmark 🇨🇿 Czechia 🇭🇺 Hungary 🇷🇴 Romania 🇧🇬 Bulgaria 🇨🇭 Switzerland 🇳🇴 Norway 🇬🇧 UK 🇮🇸 Iceland 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein 🇲🇨 Monaco 🇦🇩 Andorra 🇸🇲 San Marino 🇻🇦 Vatican 🇺🇦 Ukraine 🇧🇾 Belarus 🇲🇩 Moldova 🇷🇺 Russia 🇦🇱 Albania 🇧🇦 Bosnia & Herzegovina 🇷🇸 Serbia 🇲🇪 Montenegro 🇲🇰 North Macedonia 🇽🇰 Kosovo 🇬🇪 Georgia 🇦🇲 Armenia 🇦🇿 Azerbaijan 🇹🇷 Turkey 🇪🇺 Europe 🇪🇺 EU-27 🇪🇺 Core EU 💶 Eurozone (Agg) 🇪🇺 Non-€ EU (Agg) 🌍 Non-EU Eur (Agg) 🇺🇸 USA 🇨🇳 China 🇮🇳 India
2023 18129.8 1504.4 717.4 669.8 2515.3 922.5 1768.2 1039.9 1663.3 3957.1*
2022 5787.4 5181.9 2795.5 3387.5 6319.2 6983.2 6658.6 5511.7 5686.7 4926.8 8073.2 3387.5 5370.4 4654.9 2270.1 4153.7 4879.2 2427.6 1727.6 2534.4 3721.1 8623.8 8735.6 4696.7 4725.2 998.7 2557.2 7394.8 6863.6 586.1 1434.2 768.0 2684.0 540.2 2349.7 730.9 1809.0 1187.4 1702.3 2478.7 3934.9 4638.9 4972.8 4787.7 4126.8 4840.7* 1849.2
2021 5520.6 5058.1 2658.9 3229.7 6003.9 6596.7 6323.0 5213.4 5430.9 4244.4 7870.4 3211.1 5235.2 4036.1 2395.3 3946.5 4939.1 2157.6 1743.1 2414.4 3558.2 8159.8 7708.2 4560.5 4452.5 988.7 2346.7 6021.4 7228.7 6941.3 774.1 1439.2 781.2 2662.5 445.7 2206.7 843.9 1703.0 1743.4 2209.7 3792.9 4416.7 4765.3 4568.7 3892.8 4829.4* 4825.2 1686.0
2020 5390.1 4883.2 2614.7 3051.7 5799.3 5418.9 5829.3 5196.1 5131.4 4008.2 7548.3 3167.4 5187.2 3836.4 2134.1 3643.3 4688.8 1964.9 1739.9 2295.4 3260.2 7754.6 7651.3 4187.2 4309.6 942.3 2401.2 6766.0 846.3 1473.4 774.7 2710.2 446.1 2149.9 868.9 1799.2 1732.4 1964.7 3666.4 4217.7 4585.2 4377.6 3668.6 4744.0* 4464.1 1600.3 259.3
2019 5398.6 4774.0 2670.7 3048.2 5592.1 5290.9 5958.9 4961.4 4859.2 3644.6 7245.9 3116.8 5060.6 3770.4 1891.3 3445.3 5090.8 1902.7 1657.7 2203.6 3159.1 7685.8 7693.6 4027.6 4021.2 887.5 2420.1 5561.7 6737.6 20047.1 880.6 823.5 2734.7 451.0 2087.3 764.4 858.8 1788.4 1715.5 1737.6 3652.3 4150.9 4549.0 4322.0 3564.9 4741.5* 4265.9 1483.9
2018 5209.2 4670.5 2524.3 2984.3 5496.8 5040.0 5682.4 4656.8 4614.4 3416.1 6872.7 3003.4 4880.5 3766.1 1786.3 3181.0 4754.9 1904.9 1408.2 1973.0 3079.5 7425.7 7597.5 3906.7 3846.5 876.2 2343.5 6484.2 5645.7 988.1 903.4 2772.6 459.8 2076.0 775.0 862.5 1544.7 1585.1 3571.8 4005.8 4394.8 4166.3 3457.9 4692.4* 4226.8 1317.5 250.0
2017 5058.4 4546.8 2322.4 2847.4 5273.2 4757.3 5416.1 5114.2 4348.1 3250.6 6731.5 2803.1 4510.8 3552.5 1785.2 3068.3 4969.2 2027.4 1209.6 1900.9 2994.9 7316.7 7647.6 3718.4 2902.2 887.8 2125.5 5257.3 6396.2 4472.7 5979.7 994.1 923.5 2812.0 471.5 2067.7 708.8 778.2 1381.9 1420.6 3470.7 3842.2 4225.1 4005.8 3285.2 4687.8 3931.6 1235.9
2016 4839.9 4392.1 2209.6 2712.8 5109.2 4798.3 5400.4 5143.9 3992.1 2726.6 6543.7 2609.2 3939.8 3296.4 1600.6 2950.4 4802.2 1989.6 1058.6 1871.4 2304.0 7143.4 7852.1 3546.9 2625.9 910.5 2236.9 6120.9 4434.7 1037.2 912.0 2947.0 406.9 2121.9 716.9 901.8 1383.7 1263.8 3360.4 3639.9 4064.6 3835.2 2976.3 4642.4 3809.1 1208.9
2015 4755.3 4310.7 2075.8 2622.5 4891.8 4731.8 5073.4 5242.1 3724.6 3196.5 6856.0 2658.9 3836.5 3188.5 1818.8 2794.9 4636.4 1865.3 1010.6 1513.8 2158.4 6846.1 7566.5 3619.2 2569.7 876.4 1976.8 5308.7 5929.9 4389.6 1006.0 946.5 3096.0 353.7 2060.2 830.6 897.2 1359.0 1136.2 3309.8 3540.3 3955.5 3745.9 2843.6 4592.3 3858.0 1162.7 214.4
2014 4336.0 4210.0 1947.3 2614.5 4926.1 4544.9 5009.4 5291.0 3658.4 2733.9 7022.2 2723.7 4166.9 3285.6 1872.3 3082.3 4782.9 1835.3 1051.3 1445.0 2054.8 6909.5 7358.2 3428.3 2654.8 904.8 1822.0 5722.6 4280.8 1002.5 925.3 3072.9 283.7 1822.7 665.3 867.5 1126.8 1163.5 3192.2 3399.5 3739.8 3584.8 2773.5 4403.8 3824.0 1101.8
2013 4380.4 4133.6 1916.3 2623.7 4887.4 4161.6 4782.1 5141.7 3605.8 2655.5 7222.8 2723.2 4236.5 3338.4 1790.9 2878.8 4661.6 1880.5 1026.7 1535.6 1868.3 6717.6 7115.4 3260.8 2527.9 923.7 1685.2 5605.0 4171.8 5739.7 1139.6 736.9 3050.3 228.0 1718.6 637.6 693.9 599.6 1175.9 3142.2 3339.0 3702.9 3549.8 2628.2 4305.7 3725.8 1079.6
2012 4355.6 4052.2 1831.3 2693.4 4336.2 4116.6 4720.8 4873.7 4032.3 2236.3 7492.5 2827.2 4330.7 3457.8 1909.0 2670.6 4402.0 1968.7 1022.0 1567.5 1752.1 5196.7 7181.9 3162.1 2400.9 891.6 1537.4 4497.5 5584.1 4018.0 1210.1 768.6 3075.2 155.8 1635.4 623.9 1100.2 3086.5 3242.1 3607.1 3492.8 2398.8 4182.0 3642.6 1029.0
2011 4191.5 3920.7 1760.6 2775.3 3648.1 3880.2 4430.5 3341.4 4166.2 2217.3 7442.0 2840.9 4288.0 3392.8 1902.4 2748.0 5525.7 1761.1 1092.0 1594.2 1679.9 5172.5 7045.8 2925.9 2310.0 789.9 1606.2 5533.9 3973.0 7088.8 1237.5 777.2 3109.4 1616.2 643.0 450.8 977.3 2995.8 3120.4 3437.7 3362.4 2308.0 4018.7 3659.1 972.0
2010 4056.4 3849.6 1722.7 2880.0 3210.0 3755.6 4379.2 3116.6 3923.8 7740.9 2817.4 3770.4 3057.8 1837.0 2736.5 5200.1 1392.0 1104.8 1649.3 1697.0 5279.2 6763.6 2799.1 2135.6 964.5 1470.7 5444.7 4089.2 1306.7 760.2 3071.6 1503.4 535.9 882.5 2959.1 3051.1 3323.8 3275.8 2298.6 4112.2 3550.1 898.9 156.2
2009 3916.8 3723.0 1703.9 2876.5 2822.3 3554.7 4157.9 3139.9 3768.6 7669.3 2469.7 3671.3 3229.7 1673.9 2666.3 4852.3 1176.5 1095.5 1606.8 1608.4 5110.7 6674.9 2765.3 2004.5 933.4 1593.4 5474.5 4113.4 7841.2 1324.3 802.0 3075.2 1423.9 432.5 802.0 2897.6 2952.7 3198.9 3170.2 2226.0 4134.3 3790.4 861.3
* = Incomplete data (<70% population coverage) - some countries using forward-filled values from previous years
Showing latest 15 years. Total data spans 24 years (2000 – 2023)

Visual Comparison

🇪🇺 Europe 3957.12
100.0%

Key Insights

Best Performer
EU

HOW EUROPE
IS DEFINED

Transparent, population-weighted calculations for fair comparisons

01

Europe

Includes all 50 European countries:

  • 27 EU member states: Germany, France, Italy, etc.
  • Other European: UK, Switzerland, Norway, etc.
02

Simple Sum

Used for absolute totals across all countries:

  • Step 1: Collect metric for each country
  • Step 2: Add all values together
  • Examples: Total population, total GDP
03

Population-Weighted

Used for per-capita metrics to reflect population size:

  • Step 1: Metric × population per country
  • Step 2: Sum all weighted values
  • Step 3: Divide by total population
Example: GDP/Capita PPP
$48,942
2024
Source
Our World in Data